Alcohol and Drugs

The Alcohol and Drugs toolkit is available from: http://www.newhealth.govt.nz/toolkits/alcoholanddrugs.htm

Here are links to resources on alcohol and drugs.

• New Zealand
• Maori and Pacific
• International
• NZ Links and other resources
  

New Zealand

• Party Pills - A Social Tonic? - Article in WHW September 2005
• Allamani, A.3, Casswell, S., Graham, K. 3 et al ‘Introduction: Community action research and the prevention of alcohol problems at the local level’. Substance Use & Misuse 35, 1-10, 2000.
• Field, A., Casswell, S. ‘Options for cannabis policy in New Zealand’. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand 14, 49-64, 2000. FAFPHM
• Field, A., Casswell, S. ‘Perspectives on marijuana policy in New Zealand: 1990 and 1998’. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand 14, 104-113, 2000.
• Hill, L. ‘The alcohol scene in New Zealand’. The Globe 1, 6-7, 2000.
• Hill, L., Casswell, S. ‘Alcohol advertising and sponsorship’. Commercial Communications — Journal of Advertising and Marketing Policy and Practice in the European Community, 6-11, 2000.
• McCreanor, T. ‘Drinking patterns and their consequences’. M. Grant & J. Litvac (Eds) 1998 (book review) Addiction 94 1584-1585, 1999.
• Paton-Simpson, G.1, McCormick, R.2, Powell, A.3, Adams, P., and Bunbury, D.2 ‘Problem drinking profiles of patients presenting to General Practioners: analysis of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores for the Auckland Area’. NZ Medical Journal, 113, 74-7, 2000.
• McCormick, R. ‘Treating drug addiction in general practice’. New Zealand Family Physician, 27, 27-9, 2000.
• Paton-Simpson, G.3, McCormick, R., Adams, P.2, Powell, A.1 ‘The prevalence of risky and problematic drinkers in Auckland general practice consultations’. New Zealand Medical Journal,113, 74-7, 2000.
• RR No 2 A Review of the Epidemiology of Substances Use Disorders in New Zealand. Bushnell, J B., Howden-Chapman, P., Carter, H., November 1994, 81 pp.
• Hutt, M. and Howden-Chapman P. (1998) Old Wine in New Bottles: The Public Health Commission and the Making of New Zealand Alcohol Policy (Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies, 1998), 211pp.
• Fergusson DM, Swain-Campbell NR, Horwood LJ. Arrests and convictions for cannabis related offences in a New Zealand birth cohort. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2003; 70(1): 53-63.
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Swain-Campbell NR. Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people. Psychological Medicine, 2003; 33: 15-21.
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Swain-Campbell, NR. Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood. Addiction, 2002; 97: 1123-1135.
• Taylor DR, Fergusson DM, Milne BJ, Horwood LJ, Moffitt TE, Sears MR, Poulton R. A Longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco and cannabis exposure on lung function in young adults. Addiction, 2002; 97: 1055-1061.
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Northstone, K and the ALSPAC Study Team. Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002; 109: 21- 27
• Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM. Drink driving and traffic accidents in young people. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2000; 32(6): 805-814.
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use and dependence in a New Zealand birth cohort. New Zealand Medical Journal, 2000; 113(1109): 156-158.
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Does cannabis use encourage other forms of illicit drug use? Addiction, 2000; 95(4): 505-520.
• Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ, Horwood LJ. Gender differences in the relationship between early conduct problems and later criminality and substance abuse. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2000; 8(4): 179-191.
• Lynskey MT, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. The origins of the correlations between tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1998; 39: 995-1007.
• IPRC No: RP132 Title: Socioeconomic status and drinking patterns in young adults. Addiction 2003; 98 :601-610. Authors: S Casswll, M Pledger, R Hooper Topics: Alcohol, Youth Risk-Taking, Date: 2003
• Women and Alcohol Part 1: What's the Problem (290k)
  A report prepared by Alison Gray and Valerie Norton for the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand. (1998) Available by download from the Alac website at http://www.alac.org.nz/PublicationsAndOrders.aspx
  

Maori and Pacific

• Alcohol issues (including rangatahi) Te Ao Waipiro - Maori and alcohol in 1995 ,  Mäori Drink Drive Programmes and Kereru community action to reduce alcohol-related harm among young Maori
• Drug issues (including rangatahi) CAYAD
• Robertson, P., Huriwai, T, Potiki, T., Friend, R., Durie, M. (2002). Working with Maori who have alcohol and drug-related problems. In G. Hulse, J. White, & G. Gape (Ed.), Management of alcohol and drug problems (pp. 328-344). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
• Glover, M. ‘Alcohol use by a sample of Maori attempting smoking cessation, extracted from a Doctoral thesis on Maori smoking cessation behaviour’. Report prepared for ALAC.
• Finau, S. ‘Alcohol and young Tongans: A FOBI perspective for change’. Pacific Health Dialog 6, 320-325, 1999.
• Dacey, B.1, Moewaka Barnes, H. ‘Te Ao Auckland, Alcohol & Public Health Research Unit: University of Auckland, 54pp, March 2000.Taru Kino: Drug Use Among Maori, 1998’.
• Te Ao Taru Kino: Drug Use Among Maori, 1998
  Dacey, B. & Moewaka Barnes, H. (2000) Te Ao Taru Kino: Drug Use Among Maori, 1998, March. Auckland: Whariki Maori Health Research Group, Alcohol & Public Health Research Group. C17
• Te Ao Waipiro - Maori and alcohol in 1995
  Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs in New Zealand Dacey, B. (1997) Te Ao Waipiro: Maori and Alcohol in 1995. 48pp plus appendices, August. Auckland: Whariki Research Group.
• Alcohol Consumption and Associated Risk Factors in Auckland Pacific Island Students : Final Report (572k), Mr David Schaaf and Associate Professor Robert Scragg, School of Population Health, University of Auckland. May 2004
  Little information is available about the alcohol drinking behaviour of Pacific Island students living in New Zealand. ALAC has funded the current report to fill this gap. The report is based on data collected in a cross-sectional survey of over 2,500 students at high schools in Auckland, who were interviewed during 1997-1998 as part of the Auckland High School Heart Survey. It has allowed for the first time an examination of the alcohol drinking patterns by students among the separate Pacific groups within New Zealand. Download at http://www.alac.org.nz/PublicationsAndOrders.aspx .
  

International

• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Article
  This article was produced in collaboration with the Public Health Agency of Canada. This artile is available to be donloaded as a .pdf file at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/iyh-vsv/diseases-maladies/fasd-etcaf_e.html
• Connecting Systems, Supporting Change: Transition Houses, Women Experiencing Partner Violence and Substance Use
  Nancy Poole, Lorraine Greaves, Natasha Jategaonkar, Lucy McCullough and Cathy Chabot, British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health
  Researchers report high rates of intimate partner violence among women who use substances.[1] However, few studies have investigated the use of alcohol and other substances by women who have left violent partners to reside in shelters/transition houses. However, for substance-using women experiencing intimate partner violence, entering a shelter can be a key life transition and an opportunity to confront many personal difficulties. For shelter staff, this situation offers an important opportunity to influence women’s problematic substance use and to assist them to manage any related stresses underlying their substance use. A recent study explored the relationship between the use of alcohol and other substances, the levels of reported stress in substance-using women who experience intimate partner violence and the impact of alcohol and substance use interventions made available in transition houses or shelters.[2]
  Available online at: http://www.cewh-cesf.ca/en/publications/RB/v5n1/page8.shtml
• Women, Girls and Substance Use: Some of the Facts
  Alcohol is the most common substance used by women in Canada, and its use has been on the rise over the past decade. Younger women drink more than older women, but income and education influence these patterns as women age. While women’s safe-drinking limit is four drinks per sitting, over 40 percent of 18 to 19 year olds drink more than that. Compared to men, women suffer more relationship violence and other problems in addition to their own and others’ alcohol use. Because there is no safe level of use, tobacco remains the most damaging drug for women but many women and girls still smoke. While rates of smoking are decreasing among women overall, poor women, single mothers and Aboriginal girls and women are more likely to smoke.
  Available at: http://www.cewh-cesf.ca/en/publications/RB/v5n1/page6.shtml
• Drinking During Pregnancy Could Lower Infant IQ Even Among Infants Without Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Study Says [Nov 17, 2004]
  Infants born to women who drank heavily during pregnancy may have a low IQ even if they do not develop fetal alcohol syndrome, a condition characterized by mental retardation and certain distinctive facial features, according to a study published in the November issue of the journal Alcoholism, Reuters Health reports. Researchers from Wayne State University studied 337 inner-city African-American children from birth until they were 7.5 years old, noting how much alcohol the women who gave birth to the children drank during pregnancy. Only one of the women studied said she drank alcohol every day during her pregnancy, Dr. Sandra Jacobson, lead author of the study, said. Infants born to women who were 30 years or older when they gave birth; had a "severe drinking problem"; or raised children in an "intellectually nonstimulating home environment" appeared to be at "particular risk" of having a low IQ at age seven, even if they did not develop FAS, according to the study, Reuters Health reports. "Even kids without the full fetal alcohol syndrome may have problems with IQ," Jacobson said, adding, "These children slip by us because we don't recognize the 'face'" of FAS. She said that most of the damage to the fetus from alcohol likely comes from "concentrated drinking," such as when pregnant women drink multiple glasses of alcohol at a party (Reuters Health, 11/15). See: http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=26776
• Research Training Opportunities for Clinician Researchers, Graduate (Masters, PhD) and Post Doctoral Fellows specializing in Gender, Women and Addictions
  British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
• Mother and child reunion: preventing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder by promoting women's health, Author(s):Nancy Poole
  Describes current knowledge about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and prevention strategies. Outlines an alternative, multiple-determinants approach to FAS prevention that would be more effective for both mothers and babies, more humane, and more cost-efficient. Available here: http://www.cewh-cesf.ca/PDF/bccewh/FASbrief.pdf
• Combination of Genes, Motives Drive Alcoholism February 3, 2004(Newswise)
  Genetic factors help explain why people differ in their motivations for drinking, and these factors are more important for women than men, according to a new study of more than 6,000 twins. Visit http://www.newswise.com/p/articles/view/503063/ to read more.
• High Alcohol, Low Folate: A Bad Mix for Women December 4, 2003 (Society for Women's Health Research News Service)
  Heavy alcohol consumption may put women at high risk for several chronic diseases if they do not supplement their diets with folic acid, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology. Visit http://www.womens-health.org/press/NewsService/alcoholandfolate.htm to read more.
• Alkermes' Vivitrex Helps Men, Not Women, Reduce Drinking December 9, 2003 (BioWorld Today)
  Preliminary results from a pivotal Phase III trial of Alkermes Inc.'s Vivitrex indicate that a once-monthly injection, along with psychosocial therapy, helps men reduce their rate of heavy drinking. However, the drug does not appear to work as well in women.
  Visit http://www.bioworld.com/servlet/com.accumedia.web.Dispatcher?next=bioWorldHeadlines_article&forceid=31596 to read more.
• "Abstinence Goes Global: The U.S., the Right Wing, and Human Rights" Article by Cynthia Rothschild, Program Officer, International Policy, IWHC, available at http://www.iwhc.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&pageID=663. Originally published in the most recent issue of American Sexuality magazine, which was devoted to the "abstinence-only" debate. Discusses the current U.S. administration's determination to promote abstinence programs in lieu of comprehensive sexuality education both domestically and internationally, and analyzes abstinence programs from a human rights perspective. To read the full issue, visit http://nsrc.sfsu.edu/Index.cfm?Page=51.
• "New Research Confirms Alcohol Is Gender-Sensitive" The rate of alcoholism for women is on the rise and steadily increasing; new studies that demonstrate gender differences in alcohol consumption and absorption provide possible insights into this growing problem.
  Read more at http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1416/context/cover/
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Women's Health: Setting a Women-Centred Research Agenda http://www.bccewh.bc.ca/publications-resources/documents/fasworkshop.pdf
  

NZ Links and other resources

• Discussion paper for the Ministry of Health, ‘Organisational structure to address harm associated with alcohol, tobacco, other drugs and gambling’.
• National Health Statistics report on New Zealand Drug Statistics.
• National Addiction Centre http://www.chmeds.ac.nz/departments/psychmed/treatment/research.html
  SYNOPSIS OF RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN BY THE NATIONAL ADDICTION CENTRE
• APHRU - Alcohol and Public Health Research Unit Archive site has a lot of resources available at: http://www.aphru.ac.nz/publications/index.htm
• One in six "heavy drinkers" One in six New Zealanders drink alcohol in harmful amounts according to a guideline on alcohol and cannabis abuse released by the National Health Committee. Around   40 percent of males aged 15 to 24,and 25 percent of females in the same age group are heavy drinkers - defined as consuming more than 21 standard drinks per week for men and more than 14 for women.
• Guidelines for Recognising, Assessing and Treating Alcohol and Cannabis Abuse in Primary Care
• http://www.adf.org.au/pdf/dyp/YoungHealthProfessionals.pdf
  

From Women's Health Action publications

• Women drinking more alcohol - WHU Jan 2002
• Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Conference - WHW April 1998
• Catching Up with the Boys: Young Women and Drinking
• Binge Drinking
• Alcohol and breast cancer - WHU July 1998